Topics matching resize.dot

Dot matrix

topic

Dot matrix pattern woven into fabric in 1858 using punched cards on a Jacquard loom. Close-up view of dot matrix text produced by an impact printer. "Bling Bling": Dot matrix-style skywriting. A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols and images. Every type of modern technology uses dot matrices for display of information, including mobile phones, televisions, and printers. They are also used in textiles with sewing, knitting, and weaving. An alternate form of information display using lines and curves is known as a vector display, was used with early computing devices such as air traffic control radar displays and pen-based plotters but is no longer used. Electronic vector displays were typically monochrome only, and either don't fill in the interiors of closed vector shapes, or shape-filling is slow, time-consuming, and often non-uniform, as on pen-based plotters. In printers, the dots are usually the darkened areas of the paper. In displays, the dots ma

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Display technology

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Digital imaging

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Window decoration

topic

Typical elements of a window (computing). The window decoration is either drawn by the window manager (X11) or by the client (Wayland). The drawing of the content is the task of the client. In graphical user interfaces, the window decoration is a part of a window in most windowing systems. A windows decoration typically consists of a title bar, usually along the top of each window and a minimal border around the other three sides.[1] On Microsoft Windows this is called "nonclient area".[2] In the predominant layout for modern window decorations, the top bar contains the title of that window and buttons which perform windowing-related actions such as: Close Maximize Minimize Resize Roll-up The border exists primarily to allow the user to resize the window, but also to create a visual separation between the window's contents and the rest of the desktop environment. Window decorations are considered important for the design of the look and feel of an operating system and some systems allow for custom

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Graphical control elements

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Graphical user interface elements

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Window managers

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Dots per inch

topic

A close-up of the dots produced by an inkjet printer at draft quality. Actual size is approximately 0.25 inch by 0.25 inch (0.403 cm2). Individual colored droplets of ink are visible; this sample is about 150 DPI. Dots per inch (DPI, or dpi[1]) is a measure of spatial printing, video or image scanner dot density, in particular the number of individual dots that can be placed in a line within the span of 1 inch (2.54 cm). Similarly, the more newly introduced[2] dots per centimeter (d/cm or dpcm) refers to the number of individual dots that can be placed within a line of 1 centimeter (≈ 0.393 in). Monitors do not have dots, but do have pixels; the closely related concept for monitors and images is pixels per inch or PPI. Many resources, including the Android developer guide, use the terms DPI and PPI interchangeably. DPI measurement in printing DPI is used to describe the resolution number of dots per inch in a digital print and the printing resolution of a hard copy print dot gain, which is the increase in

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Units of density

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Raster image processor

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Generating the raster image data A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a raster image also known as a bitmap. Such a bitmap is used by a later stage of the printing system to produce the printed output. The input may be a page description in a high-level page description language such as PostScript, PDF, or XPS. The input can be or include bitmaps of higher or lower resolution than the output device, which the RIP resizes using an image scaling algorithm. Originally an RIP was a rack of electronic hardware which received the page description via some interface (e.g. RS-232) and generated a "hardware bitmap output" which was used to enable or disable each pixel on a real-time output device such as an optical film recorder, computer to film, or computer to plate. A RIP can be implemented as a software module on a general-purpose computer, or as a firmware program executed on a microprocessor inside a printer. For high-end typesetting, standalone hardware RIPs

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Printing

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Potential method

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In computational complexity theory, the potential method is a method used to analyze the amortized time and space complexity of a data structure, a measure of its performance over sequences of operations that smooths out the cost of infrequent but expensive operations.[1][2] Definition of amortized time In the potential method, a function Φ is chosen that maps states of the data structure to non-negative numbers. If S is a state of the data structure, Φ(S) may be thought of intuitively as an amount of potential energy stored in that state;[1][2] alternatively, Φ(S) may be thought of as representing the amount of disorder in state S or its distance from an ideal state. It represents work that has been accounted for ("paid for") in the amortized analysis, but not yet performed. The potential value prior to the operation of initializing a data structure is defined to be zero. Let o be any individual operation within a sequence of operations on some data structure, with S denoting the state of the data structu

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Analysis of algorithms

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Nikon D850

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The Nikon D850 is a professional-grade full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) produced by Nikon.[2] The camera was officially announced on July 25, 2017 (the 100th anniversary of Nikon's founding), launched on August 24, 2017, and first shipped on September 08, 2017.[3] Nikon announced it could not fill the preorders on August 28, 2017 and filled less than 10% of preorders on the first shipping day.[4] It is the successor to the Nikon D810. The D850 is the first Nikon DSLR featuring a back-illuminated image sensor claiming overall a one-stop image quality (image noise) improvement.[1] This camera was the first full frame DSLR achieving 100 points at Dxomark.[5] The D850 also won Camera of the Year for 2017 at Imaging Resource.[6] Rear of the camera with articulating screen Features Nikon FX format 45.7 megapixel back-illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensor 4K UHD video in 30p, 25p, and 24p uncropped in MOV or MP4 encoding and simultaneously uncompressed (HDMI 2.0). New focus peaking aid.[7

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Full-frame DSLR cameras

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Cameras introduced in 2017

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Nikon F-mount cameras

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Partial derivative

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In mathematics, a partial derivative of a function of several variables is its derivative with respect to one of those variables, with the others held constant (as opposed to the total derivative, in which all variables are allowed to vary). Partial derivatives are used in vector calculus and differential geometry. The partial derivative of a function f ( x , y , … ) {\displaystyle f(x,y,\dots )} with respect to the variable x {\displaystyle x} is variously denoted by f x ′ , f x , ∂ x f ,   D x f , D 1 f , ∂ ∂ x f ,  or  ∂ f ∂ x . {\displaystyle f'_{x},f_{x},\partial _{x}f,\ D_{x}f,D_{1}f,{\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}f,{\text{ or }}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}.} Sometimes, for z = f ( x , y , … ) , {\displaystyle z=f(x,y,\ldots ),} the partial derivative of z {\displaystyle z} with respect to x {\displaystyle x} is denoted as ∂ z ∂ x . {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial z}{\partial x}}.} Since a partial deriv

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Differential operators

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Multivariable calculus

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Lanczos resampling

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Partial plot of a discrete signal (black dots) and of its Lanczos interpolation (solid blue curve), with size parameter a equal to 1 (top), 2 (middle) and 3 (bottom). Also shown are two copies of the Lanczos kernel, shifted and scaled, corresponding to samples 4 and 11 (dashed curves). Lanczos filtering and Lanczos resampling are two applications of a mathematical formula. It can be used as a low-pass filter or used to smoothly interpolate the value of a digital signal between its samples. In the latter case it maps each sample of the given signal to a translated and scaled copy of the Lanczos kernel, which is a sinc function windowed by the central lobe of a second, longer, sinc function. The sum of these translated and scaled kernels is then evaluated at the desired points. Lanczos resampling is typically used to increase the sampling rate of a digital signal, or to shift it by a fraction of the sampling interval. It is often used also for multivariate interpolation, for example to resize or rotate a digi

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Multivariate interpolation

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Signal processing

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Torch (machine learning)

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Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a script language based on the Lua programming language.[3] It provides a wide range of algorithms for deep learning, and uses the scripting language LuaJIT, and an underlying C implementation. As of 2018, Torch is no longer in active development.[4] However, PyTorch is actively developed as of August 2019.[5] torch The core package of Torch is torch. It provides a flexible N-dimensional array or Tensor, which supports basic routines for indexing, slicing, transposing, type-casting, resizing, sharing storage and cloning. This object is used by most other packages and thus forms the core object of the library. The Tensor also supports mathematical operations like max, min, sum, statistical distributions like uniform, normal and multinomial, and BLAS operations like dot product, matrix-vector multiplication, matrix-matrix multiplication, matrix-vector product and matrix product. The following exemplifies using torch via i

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Software using the BSD license

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Deep learning

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Data mining and machine learning software

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WindowLab

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WindowLab 1.4 Xsession running on Debian 7 Linux WindowLab is an X window manager for Unix-like systems. It is based on aewm and retains that window manager's small and lightweight nature. In many aspects, WindowLab has looked to the Amiga's user interface for inspiration without cloning it completely. Its top-level menu bar is accessed by a right click as on the Amiga and it follows Fitts's law of usability in that once the mouse enters the menu area it is constrained there in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Unlike on the Amiga, the menu bar is not controlled by applications; it is a global launcher menu which is populated by a dot file in the user's home directory containing a list of menu titles and commands. WindowLab follows a click-to-focus but not raise-on-focus policy - when a window is clicked it gets focus, but it is not redrawn to obscure other windows. This allows one, for example, to switch to a terminal to enter commands while keeping documentation visible in a web browser. A com

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Free X window managers

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The Mother of All Demos

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The first prototype of a computer mouse, as designed by Bill English from Douglas Engelbart's sketches[1] "The Mother of All Demos" is a name retroactively applied to a landmark computer demonstration, given at the Association for Computing Machinery / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ACM/IEEE)—Computer Society's Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, which was presented by Douglas Engelbart on December 9, 1968.[1] The live demonstration featured the introduction of a complete computer hardware and software system called the oN-Line System or, more commonly, NLS. The 90-minute presentation essentially demonstrated almost all the fundamental elements of modern personal computing: windows, hypertext, graphics, efficient navigation and command input, video conferencing, the computer mouse, word processing, dynamic file linking, revision control, and a collaborative real-time editor (collaborative work). Engelbart's presentation was the first to publicly demonstrate all of these ele

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History of computing hardware

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History of San Francisco

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SRI International

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NTFS

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NTFS (New Technology File System)[1] is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft.[1] Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family.[9] NTFS has several technical improvements over the file systems that it superseded – File Allocation Table (FAT) and High Performance File System (HPFS) – such as improved support for metadata and advanced data structures to improve performance, reliability, and disk space use. Additional extensions are a more elaborate security system based on access control lists (ACLs) and file system journaling. NTFS is supported in other desktop and server operating systems as well. Linux and BSD have a free and open-source NTFS driver, called NTFS-3G, with both read and write functionality. macOS comes with read-only support for NTFS; its disabled-by-default, write support for NTFS is unstable. History In the mid-1980s, Microsoft and IBM formed a joint project to create the next generation of graphical operating system; the resu

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1993 software

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Windows disk file systems

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Compression file systems

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Button (computing)

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Different types of buttons in GTK+. In computing, the term button (sometimes known as a command button or push button) refers to any graphical control element that provides the user a simple way to trigger an event, like searching for a query at a search engine, or to interact with dialog boxes, like confirming an action.[1] Overview A typical button is a rectangle or rounded rectangle, wider than it is tall, with a descriptive caption in its center.[2] The most common method of pressing a button is clicking it with a pointer controlled by a mouse, but other input such as keystrokes can be used to execute the command of a button. A button is not however always restricted to a rectangular shape. The sole requirement of button interaction is that the user can execute a command by a click action. Thus pictures and background areas can be programmed as buttons. When pressed, in addition to performing a predetermined task, buttons often undergo a graphical change to mimic a mechanical button being depressed. D

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Graphical control elements

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Zooming user interface

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Example of a ZUI In computing, a zooming user interface or zoomable user interface (ZUI, pronounced zoo-ee) is a graphical environment where users can change the scale of the viewed area in order to see more detail or less, and browse through different documents. A ZUI is a type of graphical user interface (GUI). Information elements appear directly on an infinite virtual desktop (usually created using vector graphics), instead of in windows. Users can pan across the virtual surface in two dimensions and zoom into objects of interest. For example, as you zoom into a text object it may be represented as a small dot, then a thumbnail of a page of text, then a full-sized page and finally a magnified view of the page. ZUIs use zooming as the main metaphor for browsing through hyperlinked or multivariate information. Objects present inside a zoomed page can in turn be zoomed themselves to reveal further detail, allowing for recursive nesting and an arbitrary level of zoom. When the level of detail present in th

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Zoomable user interfaces

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Graphical user interfaces

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User interface techniques

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Retinal ganglion cell

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A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye. It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells. Retina amacrine cells, particularly narrow field cells, are important for creating functional subunits within the ganglion cell layer and making it so that ganglion cells can observe a small dot moving a small distance.[1] Retinal ganglion cells collectively transmit image-forming and non-image forming visual information from the retina in the form of action potential to several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain. Retinal ganglion cells vary significantly in terms of their size, connections, and responses to visual stimulation but they all share the defining property of having a long axon that extends into the brain. These axons form the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract. A small percentage of retinal ganglio

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Human eye anatomy

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Human cells

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Neurons

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Adobe Photoshop

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Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. for Windows and macOS. It was originally created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, this software has become the industry standard not only in raster graphics editing, but in digital art as a whole. The software's name has thus become a generic trademark, leading to its usage as a verb (e.g. "to photoshop an image", "photoshopping", and "photoshop contest") although Adobe discourages such use.[4] Photoshop can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks, alpha compositing, and several color models including RGB, CMYK, CIELAB, spot color, and duotone. Photoshop uses its own PSD and PSB file formats to support these features. In addition to raster graphics, this software has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics (especially through clipping path for the latter), as well as 3D graphics and video. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins; programs developed and distribute

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Graphics file formats

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Adobe software

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Image processing software

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Problem of Apollonius

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Figure 1: A solution (in pink) to Apollonius' problem. The given circles are shown in black. Figure 2: Four complementary pairs of solutions to Apollonius' problem; the given circles are black. In Euclidean plane geometry, Apollonius's problem is to construct circles that are tangent to three given circles in a plane (Figure 1). Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) posed and solved this famous problem in his work Ἐπαφαί (Epaphaí, "Tangencies"); this work has been lost, but a 4th-century AD report of his results by Pappus of Alexandria has survived. Three given circles generically have eight different circles that are tangent to them (Figure 2), a pair of solutions for each way to divide the three given circles in two subsets (there are 4 ways to divide a set of cardinality 3 in 2 parts). In the 16th century, Adriaan van Roomen solved the problem using intersecting hyperbolas, but this solution does not use only straightedge and compass constructions. François Viète found such a solution by exploit

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Conformal geometry

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History of geometry

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Incidence geometry

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Canon EOS 7D

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The Canon EOS 7D is a cropped sensor digital single-lens reflex camera made by Canon.[2] It was announced on 1 September 2009 with a suggested retail price of US$1,699.[1][3] Among its features are an 18.0 effective megapixel CMOS sensor, HD video recording, its 8.0 frames per second continuous shooting, new viewfinder which offers 1.0X magnification and 100% coverage, 19-point auto-focus system, movie mode, and built-in Speedlite transmitter.[2] The 7D remained in Canon's model lineup without replacement for slightly more than five years—the longest product cycle for any EOS digital camera.[4] Its successor was the Canon EOS 7D Mark II, announced on 15 September 2014. Features 18.0 effective megapixel APS-C CMOS sensor Dual DIGIC 4 image processors with 14-bit processing[2] Liveview mode 100% viewfinder frame coverage with 1.0× magnification 1080p HD video recording at 24p, 25p and 30p with drop frame timing 720p HD video recording at 50p (50 Hz) and 60p (59.94 Hz)[5] 480p ED video recordin

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Camera templates

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Cameras introduced in 2009

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Canon EOS DSLR cameras

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Reference (computer science)

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In computer science, a reference is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device. The reference is said to refer to the datum, and accessing the datum is called dereferencing the reference. A reference is distinct from the datum itself. Typically, for references to data stored in memory on a given system, a reference is implemented as the physical address of where the data is stored in memory or in the storage device. For this reason, a reference is often erroneously confused with a pointer or address, and is said to "point to" the data. However a reference may also be implemented in other ways, such as the offset (difference) between the datum's address and some fixed "base" address, as an index into an array, or more abstractly as a handle. More broadly, in networking, references may be network addresses, such as URLs. The concept of reference must not be confused with other values (

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Programming language concepts

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Primitive types

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Data types

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Computer font

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Comparison between printed (top) and digital (bottom) versions of Perpetua. A computer font (or font) is implemented as a digital data file containing a set of graphically related glyphs, characters, or symbols such as dingbats. Although the term font first referred to a set of movable metal type pieces in one style and size, since the 1990s it is generally used to refer to a set of digital shapes in a single style, scalable to different sizes. A font family or typeface refers to the collection of related fonts across styles and sizes. There are three basic kinds of computer font file data formats: Bitmap fonts consist of a matrix of dots or pixels representing the image of each glyph in each face and size. Vector fonts (including, and sometimes standing as a synonym for outline fonts) use Bézier curves, drawing instructions and mathematical formulae to describe each glyph, which make the character outlines scalable to any size. Stroke fonts use a series of specified lines and additional information

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Digital typography

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Convolutional neural network

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In deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery. CNNs are regularized versions of multilayer perceptrons. Multilayer perceptrons usually mean fully connected networks, that is, each neuron in one layer is connected to all neurons in the next layer. The "fully-connectedness" of these networks makes them prone to overfitting data. Typical ways of regularization include adding some form of magnitude measurement of weights to the loss function. However, CNNs take a different approach towards regularization: they take advantage of the hierarchical pattern in data and assemble more complex patterns using smaller and simpler patterns. Therefore, on the scale of connectedness and complexity, CNNs are on the lower extreme. They are also known as shift invariant or space invariant artificial neural networks (SIANN), based on their shared-weights architecture and translation invariance characteristics.[1][2] Convo

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Machine learning

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Computer vision

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Artificial neural networks

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JavaScript

topic

JavaScript ,[8] often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted scripting language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web.[9] JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications. The vast majority of websites use it,[10] and major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it. As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional, and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming styles. It has APIs for working with text, arrays, dates, regular expressions, and the DOM, but the language itself does not include any I/O, such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. It relies upon the host environment in which it is embedded to provide these features. Initially only implemented client-side in

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Cross-platform software

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CS1 errors: chapter ignored

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Scripting languages

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Paint.net

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Paint.net (stylized as Paint.NET or paint.net) is a freeware raster graphics editor program for Microsoft Windows, developed on the .NET Framework. Paint.net was originally created by Rick Brewster as a Washington State University student project,[3] and has evolved from a simple replacement for the Microsoft Paint program into a program for editing mainly graphics, with support for plugins. History Paint.net originated as a computer science senior design project during spring 2004 at Washington State University. Version 1.0 consisted of 36,000 lines of code and was written in fifteen weeks.[4] In contrast, version 3.35 has approximately 162,000 lines of code. The paint.net project continued over the summer and into the autumn 2004 semester for both the version 1.1 and 2.0 releases. Development continues with one programmer who worked on previous versions of Paint.net while he was a student at WSU. As of May 2006 the program had been downloaded at least 2 million times,[5] at a rate of about 180,000 per mo

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Graphics

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Photo software

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Windows-only freeware

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Bilinear interpolation

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The four red dots show the data points and the green dot is the point at which we want to interpolate. Example of bilinear interpolation on the unit square with the z values 0, 1, 1 and 0.5 as indicated. Interpolated values in between represented by color. In mathematics, bilinear interpolation is an extension of linear interpolation for interpolating functions of two variables (e.g., x and y) on a rectilinear 2D grid. Bilinear interpolation is performed using linear interpolation first in one direction, and then again in the other direction. Although each step is linear in the sampled values and in the position, the interpolation as a whole is not linear but rather quadratic in the sample location. Bilinear interpolation is one of the basic resampling techniques in computer vision and image processing, where it is also called bilinear filtering or bilinear texture mapping. Algorithm Suppose that we want to find the value of the unknown function f at the point (x, y). It is assumed that we know the val

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Multivariate interpolation

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Pixelation

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An example of pixelation. The image looks smooth when zoomed out, but when a small section is viewed more closely, the eye can distinguish individual pixels. In computer graphics, pixelation (or pixellation in British English) is caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels, small single-colored square display elements that comprise the bitmap, are visible. Such an image is said to be pixelated (pixellated in the UK). A diamond without (left) and with (right) anti-aliasing Early graphical applications such as video games ran at very low resolutions with a small number of colors, resulting in easily visible pixels. The resulting sharp edges gave curved objects and diagonal lines an unnatural appearance. However, when the number of available colors increased to 256, it was possible to gainfully employ anti-aliasing to smooth the appearance of low-resolution objects, not eliminating pixelation but making it less jarring to the eye. Higher resolutions wo

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Computer graphic artifacts

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Dock (macOS)

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The Dock is a prominent feature of the graphical user interface of macOS. It is used to launch applications and to switch between running applications. The Dock is also a prominent feature of macOS's predecessor NeXTSTEP and OpenStep operating systems. The earliest known implementations of a dock are found in operating systems such as RISC OS and NeXTSTEP. iOS has its own version of the Dock for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. Apple applied for a US patent for the design of the Dock in 1999 and was granted the patent in October 2008, nearly a decade later.[1] Any application can be dragged and dropped onto the Dock to add it to the dock, and any application can be dragged from the dock to remove it, except for Finder and Trash, which are permanent fixtures as the leftmost and rightmost items (or highest and lowest items if the Dock is vertically oriented), respectively. Part of the macOS Core Services, Dock.app is located at /System/Library/CoreServices/. Overview OpenStep Dock In NeXTSTEP and OpenStep, th

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NeXT

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Application launchers

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Graphical user interface elements

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Dianne Feinstein

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Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (born Dianne Emiel Goldman, June 22, 1933) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from California. She took office on November 4, 1992. A member of the Democratic Party, Feinstein was Mayor of San Francisco from 1978 to 1988.[1] Born in San Francisco, Feinstein graduated from Stanford University in 1955 with a Bachelor of Arts in History.[2] In the 1960s, she worked in city government, and she was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1969. She served as the board's first female president in 1978, during which time the assassinations of Mayor George Moscone and City Supervisor Harvey Milk by Dan White drew national attention. Feinstein succeeded Moscone as Mayor of San Francisco and became the first woman to serve in that position. During her tenure, she led the renovation of the city's cable car system, and oversaw the 1984 Democratic National Convention. After losing a race for governor in 1990, Feinstein won a 1992 special elec

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Jewish women politicians

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Jewish activists

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American women activists

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9×25mm Mauser

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The 9×25mm Mauser (or 9mm Mauser Export) was a cartridge developed for the Mauser C96 service pistol around 1904 by DWM. Mauser pistols in this relatively powerful caliber were primarily intended for export to Africa, Asia, and South America. The 9mm Mauser Export cartridge was produced specifically for Mauser pistols and carbines made from 1904 to 1914 and then later from approximately 1930 to 1945 for submachine guns chambered for this caliber. The basis of this cartridge was the 7.63×25mm Mauser. The case length is the same as the 7.63×25mm Mauser, but the case is straight and does not have a bottleneck shape. This cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case.[1] The 9 mm Mauser should not be confused with the 9×19mm Parabellum (9×19mm Luger) or the 9×23mm Steyr. Manufacture Although Germany was not a primary user of firearms in this caliber, it was a major producer of it, both for commercial export and foreign military contracts. Pre-World War I production was for C96 Mauser pistols, but as war loomed

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Military cartridges

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Pistol and rifle cartridges

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9×25mm Dillon

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The 9×25mm Dillon is a pistol wildcat cartridge developed for use in USPSA/IPSC Open guns. The cartridge is made by necking down a 10mm Auto case to 9 mm. History Around 1987, Randy Shelley, an employee of Dillon Precision, necked down 10mm auto brass to 9mm. His goal was to get as much slow-burning powder in the case as possible in order to drive a 9mm bullet to the velocity needed to qualify for the then IPSC Major power factor of 175. The short-necked and steep-shouldered cartridge holds twice the powder of a .38 Super Auto case.[1] The 9×25mm Dillon was used by several notable IPSC shooters, such as Rob Leatham and Jack Barnes.[2] Most shooters, looking at the 9×25mm Dillon today, focus on the extreme velocities of which it is capable. A 115 grain bullet at 1800 fps is impressive, but more than needed for competition. There, a 115 only needed to be going a bit over 1500 fps to make Major. What competitors in the late 1980s and early 1990s who were using the 9×25mm Dillon were doing was adjusting the p

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Wildcat cartridges

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Page layout

topic

Consumer magazine sponsored advertisements and covers rely heavily on professional page layout skills to compete for visual attention. Page layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives.[1] The high-level page layout involves deciding on the overall arrangement of text and images, and possibly on the size or shape of the medium. It requires intelligence, sentience, and creativity, and is informed by culture, psychology, and what the document authors and editors wish to communicate and emphasize. Low-level pagination and typesetting are more mechanical processes. Given certain parameters - boundaries of text areas, the typeface, font size, and justification preference can be done in a straightforward way. Until desktop publishing became dominant, these processes were still done by people, but in modern publishing they are almost always automated. The r

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LibreOffice

topic

LibreOffice is a free and open-source office suite, a project of The Document Foundation. It was forked in 2010 from OpenOffice.org, which was an open-sourced version of the earlier StarOffice. The LibreOffice suite comprises programs for word processing, the creation and editing of spreadsheets, slideshows, diagrams and drawings, working with databases, and composing mathematical formulae. It is available in 115 languages.[9] LibreOffice uses the international ISO/IEC standard OpenDocument file format (ODF) as its native format to save documents for all of its applications. LibreOffice also supports the file formats of most other major office suites, including Microsoft Office, through a variety of import/export filters.[11][12] LibreOffice is available for a variety of computing platforms,[5] including Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux (including a LibreOffice Viewer for Android[13]), as well as in the form of an online office suite LibreOffice Online.[14][15] It is the default office suite of most popu

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Computer keyboard

topic

Typing on a computer keyboard Backlit keyboard A Lenovo's ThinkPad compact USB keyboard A white standard wired chiclet keyboard (flat keyboard) A traditional keyboard with bicolor keys A computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device[1] which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input method for computers. Keyboard keys (buttons) typically have characters engraved or printed on them,[2] and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, producing some symbols may require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence.[3] While most keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous key presses can produce actions or execute computer commands. In normal usage, the keyboard is used as a text entry interface for typing text and numbers into a word

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Computer keyboards

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Brain Games (National Geographic)

topic

Brain Games is a popular science television series that explores cognitive science by focusing on illusions, psychological experiments, and counterintuitive thinking. Neil Patrick Harris was the unseen narrator in the first season, replaced by Jason Silva for the remainder of the series as its host and presenter; in addition, sleight-of-hand artist Apollo Robbins has been a frequent consultant and illusionist guest on the show. The show is interactive, encouraging television viewers, often along with a handful of live volunteers, to engage in visual, auditory, and other cognitive experiments, or "brain games", that emphasize the main points presented in each episode. The series debuted on the National Geographic Channel in 2011 as a special.[1] Its return as an original series in 2013 set a record for the highest premiere rating for any National Geographic Channel original series with 1.5 million viewers.[2] Season 7 aired in 2016. National Geographic announced that the show would return as a 2-hour live even

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Science education television series

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Handloading

topic

Components of a modern bottleneck rifle cartridge. Top-to-bottom: Copper-jacketed bullet, smokeless powder granules, rimless brass case, Boxer primer. Handloading or reloading is the process of loading firearm cartridges or shotgun shells by assembling the individual components (case/hull, primer, powder, and bullet/shot), rather than purchasing completely assembled, factory-loaded ammunition.[1] The term handloading is the more general term, as it refers to assembly of ammunition using components from any source. Reloading refers more specifically to the assembly of ammunition re-using cases or shells from previously fired ammunition. The terms are often used interchangeably, as the techniques are largely the same whether using new or previously fired components. The differences lie in the preparation of the cases or shells; new components are generally ready to load, while previously fired components often need cleaning, removal of expended primers, and possibly other preparation to make them ready to load

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Handloading

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Kai's Power Tools

topic

Kai's Power Tools are a set of API plugins created by Kai Krause in 1992 that were designed for use with Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo-Paint. Kai's Power Tools were sold to Corel when MetaCreations was closed. The phrase Kai's Power Tools is often abbreviated to KPT. There are various versions of Kai's Power Tools. KPT 3, 5, 6, and X sets are compilations of different filters. The program interface features a reward-based function in which a bonus function is revealed as the user moves towards more complex aspects of the tool. Filters The KPT Convolver is a mathematics based filter; the level of precision and varying effects can be achieved by using numerical values of colour, tint, hue, saturation, contrast, brightness, luminosity, and posterize. The KPT Projector takes the current image or selection and offers a number of interactive perspective warp effects. To a large extent, with its draggable distortion handles and its moving, scaling and rotating options, this simply duplicates Adobe Photoshop's

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Mac OS software

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Super Mario Land

topic

Super Mario Land[a] is a 1989 side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Nintendo as a launch title for their Game Boy handheld game console. It is the first Mario platform game ever to be released for a handheld console. In gameplay similar to that of the 1985 Super Mario Bros., but resized for the smaller device's screen, the player advances Mario to the end of 12 levels by moving to the right and jumping across platforms to avoid enemies and pitfalls. Unlike other Mario games, Super Mario Land is set in Sarasaland, a new environment depicted in line art, and Mario pursues Princess Daisy (who makes her debut in this game). The game also includes two Gradius-style shooter levels. At Nintendo CEO Hiroshi Yamauchi's request, Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's Nintendo R&D1 developed a Mario game to sell the new console. It was the first portable version of Mario and the first to be made without Mario creator and Yokoi protégé Shigeru Miyamoto. Accordingly, the development team shrunk Mari

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Video games scored by Hirokazu Tanaka

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Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS

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Internet Explorer version history

topic

Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer, commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. The first version of Internet Explorer, (at that time named Microsoft Internet Explorer, later referred to as Internet Explorer 1) made its debut on August 17, 1995. It was a reworked version of Spyglass Mosaic, which Microsoft licensed from Spyglass Inc., like many other companies initiating browser development. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the OEM service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. Originally Microsoft Internet Explorer only ran on Windows using Intel 80386 (IA-32) processor. Current versions also run on x64, 32-bit ARMv7, PowerPC and IA-64. Versions on Windows have support

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Windows Phone version history

topic

This page provides details for the version history of the Microsoft's Windows Phone branded mobile operating systems, from the release of Windows Phone 7 in October 2010, which was preceded by Windows Mobile version 6.x. Windows Phone 7 Windows Phone 7 was the first release of the Windows Phone mobile client operating system, released worldwide on October 21, 2010, and in the United States on November 8, 2010. Table of versions   Previous   Current   Preview Table of versions: Windows Phone 7 Version Release date Changes 7.0.7004 October 29, 2010 initial version of the Windows Phone 7 OS 7.0.7008 2010 improved update process for future update 7.0.7390 (NoDo) March 22, 2011[1] Added CDMA support, Copy and Paste, fast application startup, and deeper Facebook Integration 7.0.7392 2011 revoke of fraudulent certificates 7.0.7403 2011 intermediate update required for updating to Mango Version Release date Changes Windows Phone 7.5 Windows Phone 7.

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Windows Phone

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Dynamic programming

topic

Figure 1. Finding the shortest path in a graph using optimal substructure; a straight line indicates a single edge; a wavy line indicates a shortest path between the two vertices it connects (among other paths, not shown, sharing the same two vertices); the bold line is the overall shortest path from start to goal. Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and a computer programming method. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace engineering to economics. In both contexts it refers to simplifying a complicated problem by breaking it down into simpler sub-problems in a recursive manner. While some decision problems cannot be taken apart this way, decisions that span several points in time do often break apart recursively. Likewise, in computer science, if a problem can be solved optimally by breaking it into sub-problems and then recursively finding the optimal solutions to the sub-problems, then it is said to

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IOS version history

topic

iOS is a mobile operating system, developed by Apple Inc. for iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Updates for iOS are released through the iTunes software and, since iOS 5, via over-the-air software updates. With the announcement of iOS 5 on June 6, 2011, a USB connection to iTunes was no longer needed to activate iOS devices; data synchronization can happen automatically and wirelessly through Apple's iCloud service. Major new iOS releases are announced yearly during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), and are usually released in September of the same year, usually coinciding with the release of new iPhone models. On September 24, 2019, Apple rebranded the operating system for the iPad line to iPadOS. iPadOS is similar to iOS but has received a few tablet oriented features. The most recent stable release, iOS 13.1.2, was released on September 30, 2019. The most recent iOS 13 beta release, iOS 13.2 Beta 2, was released on October 10, 2019. Overview Current iOS versions Version Build Processor

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All articles with close paraphrasing

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Image editing

topic

A colorized version of originally black and white photo, colorized using GIMP Original black and white photo: Migrant Mother, showing Florence Owens Thompson, taken by Dorothea Lange in 1936. This is a photo that has been edited as a Bokeh effect, using a Gaussian blur. Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch. Basics of image editing Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a grid of picture elements,

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Vortex (iPod game)

topic

Vortex is an iPod game created by Apple Inc. It is a Breakout clone that has a "looking down perspective" and has bricks arranged in a circular layout. History On Tuesday, January 30, 2007, Apple introduced a demo version of this game for free. It includes two sample levels. They have since removed the demo. Vortex is currently one of the only games compatible with all the iPods able to play games (shipped with the iPod Nanos and Classics). As of october 2011, it is no longer possible to buy Vortex for the iPod 5th generation because Apple withdrawn all iPod Games from its store As of July 2019, the time record to complete level one stands at just 37 seconds. There was no limit placed on the number of lives used, other than those imposed by the game. In the Vortex community, this metric of level one performance is largely considered to be the true measure of skill related to the game. The current record holder's name is Elise and she lives a simple life in Northern Michigan. Gameplay Vortex is similar

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Microsoft Office shared tools

topic

Microsoft Office shared tools are software components that are (or were) included in all Microsoft Office products. Delve Office Delve allows Office 365 users to search and manage their emails, meetings, contacts, social networks and documents stored on OneDrive or Sites in Office 365. Delve uses machine learning and artificial intelligence[1][2][3] to try to show the most relevant people and content. In April 2015 Microsoft launched a mobile version of Office Delve in the App Store and Google Play for users with an Office 365 subscription.[4] Graph Microsoft Graph (originally known as Microsoft Chart) is an OLE application deployed by Microsoft Office programs such as Excel and Access to create charts and graphs. The program is available as an OLE application object in Visual Basic. Microsoft Graph supports many different types of charts, but its output is dated. Office 2003 was the last version to use Microsoft Graph for hosting charts inside Office applications as OLE objects. Office 2007, specifically

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Optical character recognition

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Shao Kahn

topic

Shao Kahn is a video game character introduced in Mortal Kombat II, and is a recurring character and antagonist of the video game series and extended franchise. Shao Kahn is depicted as a brutal warlord who is the Emperor of the mystical realm Outworld. Feared for his godlike strength and knowledge of black magic, he seeks to conquer all of the realms of the Mortal Kombat universe and merge them with Outworld. Shao Kahn is one of the most celebrated villains in video games. While he is noted as a difficult boss, publications and critics have praised his design, in-game abilities, and mannerisms—particularly his tactic of mocking and taunting players. Appearances Video games Prior to the events of the game series, Shao Kahn was a god as Outworld's protector and an advisor to the realm's ruler, Onaga. Eventually, Shao Kahn poisoned Onaga, claiming his throne and his armies. Kahn continued to add lesser realms to Outworld, including Edenia, whose queen Sindel and princess Kitana were forced to be Kahn's wife

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Casio 9850 series

topic

The Casio CFX-9850G series is a series of graphing calculators manufactured by Casio Computer Co., Ltd. from 1996 to 2008. fx-9750G Power The back of the device shows a slightly protruding battery case cover, which slides out to reveal the compartment for the four AAA alkaline batteries used for primary power, and a CR2032 lithium button cell used for memory backup when primary power is down or being changed. The device consumes power at the rate of 0.06W, and turns itself off automatically after about 6 minutes of time spent without any keypad activity. Battery life for the primary power cells ranges from 300 hours (LR03 battery) to 200 hours (R03 battery) for continuous display of main menu. Backup cells last up to about 2 years each. The calculators weigh about 190 grams including batteries, and measure about 19.7 mm x 83 mm x 176 mm. Features include scientific calculations, including calculus, graphing and programming, statistics and matrix operations. Display The display has a graphics resolution o

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Windows 10 version history

topic

Windows 10 is an operating system developed by Microsoft. Microsoft described Windows 10 as an "operating system as a service" that would receive ongoing updates to its features and functionality, augmented with the ability for enterprise environments to receive non-critical updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that will only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their five-year lifespan of mainstream support. Terry Myerson, executive vice president of Microsoft's Windows and Devices Group, said that the goal of this model was to reduce fragmentation across the Windows platform.[1] Rings Current Windows 10 versions Version Codename Build Marketing name Release date Support until (and support status by color) Home Pro Enterprise Education LTSC Mobile 1507 Threshold 1 10240 N/A July 29, 2015 Old version, no longer supported: May 9, 2017 Older version, yet still supported: October 14, 2025 N/A 1511 Threshold 2 10586 Novem

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Official website missing URL

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List of bridge cameras

topic

This is a list of superzoom bridge cameras. 40x Up Optical Zoom Bridge Camera Brand Model Optical Zoom Range, eq 35mm film (mm) Sensor f-number (aperture) Video Method of Stabilization Burst Speed Mode RAW Hot Shoe Lens Threads Remarks Canon PowerShot SX60 HS 65x 21-1365 16.1 MegaPixels 1/2.3" BSI-CMOS f/3.4-6.5 Full HD at 60p stereo, full control of exposure, 640x480 at 120fps, 320x240 at 240 fps Lens 6.4fps, Autofocus only for the first shot Yes Yes Yes DIGIC 6 processor, built-in WiFi and NFC, has an external mic port with manual audio level controls,[1] JPEG buffer of 100 images at 4608x3456, image stabilization up to 3.5 stops[2] Canon PowerShot SX50 HS 50x 24-1200 12 MegaPixels 1/2.3" BSI-CMOS f/3.4-6.5 Full HD at 24p stereo Lens 13fps, Autofocus only for the first shot or 4.1fps with continuous Autofocus[3] Yes Yes Yes With just 12MP, Imaging-resource mentions that the image quality is better than the successor Canon PowerShot SX60 HS.[4] JPEG buffer at

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Glock

topic

The Glock is a series of polymer-framed, short recoil-operated, locked-breech semi-automatic pistols designed and produced by Austrian manufacturer Glock Ges.m.b.H. It entered Austrian military and police service by 1982 after it was the top performer in reliability and safety tests.[5] Despite initial resistance from the market to accept a perceived "plastic gun" due to both unfounded durability and reliability concerns, as well as fears that its use of a polymer frame might circumvent metal detectors in airports, Glock pistols have become the company's most profitable line of products as well as supplying national armed forces, security agencies, and police forces in at least 48 countries.[6] Glocks are also popular firearms among civilians for recreational and competition shooting, home- and self-defense, and concealed or open carry.[7] History The company's founder, head engineer Gaston Glock, had no experience with firearms design or manufacture at the time their first pistol, the Glock 17, was bein

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.357 SIG semi-automatic pistols

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.380 ACP semi-automatic pistols

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Aqua (user interface)

topic

Aqua is the graphical user interface and visual theme of Apple's macOS operating system. It was originally based on the theme of water, with droplet-like components and a liberal use of reflection effects and translucency. Its goal is to "incorporate color, depth, translucence, and complex textures into a visually appealing interface" in macOS applications.[2] At its introduction, Steve Jobs noted that "one of the design goals was when you saw it you wanted to lick it".[3] Aqua was first introduced at the 2000 Macworld Conference & Expo in San Francisco. Its first appearance in a commercial product was in the July 2000 release of iMovie 2, followed by Mac OS X 10.0 the year after.[4] Aqua is the successor to Platinum, which was used in Mac OS 8, Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X Server 1.2. The appearance of Aqua has changed frequently over the years, most recently and drastically with the release of OS X Yosemite in 2014 which introduced a flatter look and did away with the gel-like controls and metal-like compone

UCSD Pascal

topic

UCSD Pascal is a Pascal programming language system that runs on the UCSD p-System, a portable, highly machine-independent operating system. UCSD Pascal was first released in 1977. It was developed at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). UCSD Pascal and the p-System In 1977, the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Institute for Information Systems developed UCSD Pascal to provide students with a common environment that could run on any of the then available microcomputers as well as campus DEC PDP-11 minicomputers. The operating system became known as UCSD p-System. UCSD p-System was one of three operating systems, along with PC DOS and CP/M-86, that IBM offered for its original IBM PC.[1] Vendor SofTech Microsystems[2] emphasized p-System's application portability, with virtual machines for 20 CPUs as of the IBM PC's release. It predicted that users would be able to use applications they purchased on future computers running p-System;[3] advertisements called it "the Universal Operating

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